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because the BIOS is specifically made for specific mainboard models to support their
chipset and features and it tells the mainboard how to start working. More
information about BIOS updates can be found in the BIOS information page
.
System resources
• When you install a Plug and Play device the BIOS automatically configures
the device so it will work properly with the other devices that are installed on
your computer. However after the initial booting the operating system can take
that over from the BIOS and use the configuration that is determined in the
operating system settings. As part of that configuration process a unique set of
system resources are assigned to the devices installed. These resources can
include one or more of the following:
• Interrupt request (IRQ) line numbers. - Decimal values: 0 to 15. Hardware
lines over which devices can send signals to get the attention of the processor
when the device is ready to accept or send information. Each device must have
a unique IRQ line but it is possible that there are more devices than the limited
amount of 16 IRQ's. See below.
• Direct memory access (DMA) channels. - Decimal values: 0 to 8. These are
used for direct data transfer between a device and the system memory without
involving the processor.
• Input/output (I/O) port addresses. - Hexadecimal values: 0000 to FFFF (0 to
65535 in decimal values). These are ports in the shape of memory addresses
for the two-way communication of data between the processor and the device
that the involved memory address is assigned to. Devices are assigned single
addresses or a range of addresses.
• Memory address ranges. - A portion of the main system memory that can be
assigned to a device, a program or the operating system. This is the only
resource in this list of which the amount of values is not fixed but dependant
on the amount of memory installed with memory modules.
Each resource that is assigned to your device must be unique or the device will not
function properly. Due to the BIOS or operating systems automatic detection and
assignment of those resources two devices may end up with the same resources,
resulting in a device conflict that can cause the system to run unstable or to fail
booting. If this occurs, you can usually manually change the resource settings in most
operating systems device management to be sure each setting is unique.
(96 paginas)
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